Lawn care

Moss

The presence of moss is a symptom of the prevailing conditions rather than being a direct problem in itself. You can apply moss killing fertilizers or old fashioned lawn-sand, but unless you do anything about the conditions, it will just come again, so depleting your pockets and increasing the chemical company's profits.

There are three conditions that cause moss to grow in lawns, often more than one is happening at the same time;

Damp conditions         Lack of nutrients         Shade

Damp conditions are frequently caused by compacted soil that has very little aeration. When it rains, the water cannot drain away easily and so tends to hang around that much longer providing conditions under which the moss can compete with the grass.

The Cure - is to aerate the soil, ideally in the autumn, but also in the spring. There are two ways to do this for the home gardener, both of which are low-tech and labour intensive. Firstly you use a ordinary garden fork, drive the tines in some 4-5" and wiggle them about a bit to form a series of hollow cones in the soil.

This is repeated at intervals of 4-6" up and down the lawn. The next step is to brush a 50:50 mixture of peat and sharp sand into the holes to aid future drainage. Using a fork for this job is less than ideal as the soil at the sides of the cones you have made is itself compacted further.

A better way to do this is to use a "hollow tine aerator". This is a device that has 2 to 5 thin hollow tubes fixed to frame. You put your foot on the bar at the bottom and push the tines into the soil. This time as they are hollow, the soil comes up and can be disposed of in the borders, so that when you brush the sand-peat into the holes it is replacing a plug of removed soil rather than being additional. Again a labour intensive method, but if you do an hour or so at a time you'll get there.

Hollow tine aerators are available from about $30 but expect to pay 2-3 x this for a good quality one.

 If you have standing water for very long periods, this won't help much and you probably need to approach an expert to talk about installing proper drainage.

There are "lawn-aerating shoes" available a strap-on device to your shoe that you walk around the lawn wearing - don't bother, they're next to useless except in a psychological way maybe - you can fool yourself it's doing some good.

Lack of Nutrients

In conditions of low nutrients, moss can gain the upper hand over grass. It can often happen that a piece of lawn can be depleted of nutrients if the grass cuttings are always removed when the grass is cut. Over a period of years, if the lawn is never fed, then each time the grass cuttings are taken away, nutrients are being removed from the soil.

The Cure - not difficult this one! buy a proprietary brand of lawn feed and use as directed. Best done in the autumn and again in the spring. I prefer granular fertilizers as I find they are easier to use just requiring sprinkling rather than diluting and watering on. The only thing you need to watch for is that ideally they should be applied just before rain. If they are not rained in after 2 or 3 days, they should be watered in.

Weeds and Weedkillers

The best time to treat a lawn is in May and June. At this time the grass should be growing strongly. Selective weedkillers kill broad leaved plants but don't harm narrow leaved grasses, so be careful that you don't splash them on your borders, and don't rake up the next lot of lawn mowings to put on the compost heap.

The most effective weedkillers are taken up by the weeds leaves and then to all parts of the plant. The weed therefore needs to be growing quite strongly with a large amount of leaf area, so don't cut the grass for several days before application.

As the grass is growing strongly in early summer the grass should rapidly grow over the bare patch where the weed was making it more difficult for the weeds to re-establish. Selective weedkillers are therefore often mixed with a lawn food as well to help this process.

If you use a weedkiller that doesn't have a lawn fertilizer mixed with it, it is a good idea to apply this separately shortly after the weedkiller has taken effect.

Clover

Depending on your view point clover can be seen as a part of your lawn or as a weed. As a weed it is easy to remove using a selective weedkiller (above), but it does have certain advantages if left in situ. It is pretty in flower and retains a rich green color through drought much better than grass does, it doesn't grow very tall and so isn't as obvious as many other weeds, it also introduces nitrogen into the soil being a legume (like peas and beans). The only possible disadvantage is the bees that may be attracted to the nectar-rich clover flowers, but these are easily removed by your lawn mower if a problem.

Mowing

The one unavoidable job in having a lawn. All of the others, feeding, weeding, scarifying etc. can be neglected and you will still have something that is obviously a lawn, but neglect to mow and your lawn will be no more.

On most lawns, cut the grass down to about half an inch to one inch, make it an inch if children use it to play on. Never shave the lawn close. Lawns that have the finest close-cropped finish must be carefully prepared to pool table flatness to achieve this. This doesn't apply to the majority of domestic lawns.

Mow regularly as well, two cuts a week in the growing season if possible. A little and often is the real secret, this is far better than letting the grass get very long and then cutting it down. Irregular cutting eventually results in a poorer quality more weed infested lawn.

In a hot dry spell, raise the blades a little higher than normal, also do this for the first cut of the year in the spring.

lawn mowers

Fertilizers

Apply a proprietor lawn fertilizer in late spring when the lawn is growing strongly. General garden fertilizers can be used and are effective, but one specifically balanced for lawn use is the best.

A lawn fertilizer will be biased especially towards nitrogen - N, and to a lesser extent, phosphorous - P. Nitrogen is needed for strong leaf growth and phosphorous for strong root growth, the third element in balanced fertilizers, potassium - K, is not needed very much by lawns as it is mainly required for flower and fruit growth.

Lawn fertilizers are frequently mixed with weedkillers and should be used following weedkiller application if not. The fertilizer encourages growth of the grass over the bare patches left by dead weeds and makes it more difficult for the weeds to return.

If you collect grass cuttings and take them away from the lawn, it is essential to feed the lawn to keep it healthy and weed free. Every time you remove grass cuttings, you are removing nutrients that were in the soil. many weeds are adapted to grow in conditions of poor soil nutrients and so over a period of time will gain a competitive edge over the grass and begin to proliferate. Feeding the lawn, as well as making the grass look more vibrant and green will tip the balance back towards the grass.

Buy feed and weed

Cracks in the lawn

If you have a clay soil summer dryness can result in cracks appearing in the lawn, which can be very unsightly. These can be filled with a fifty-fifty mixture of sand and soil less compost or peat (or even just transplanted soil from elsewhere in the garden). You can re-seed at the same time though it shouldn't really be necessary.

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